ABI Research noted that the market for non-cellular (non-3GPP) machine-to-machine low power wide area (LPWA) technologies, such as LoRa and Sigfox, holds the potential for healthy growth. However, with no set standard among proprietary vendors, growth will be conservative until influential vendors identify and address the challenges to widespread adoption, which include opening up the vendor ecosystem and developing a feasible revenue model for public networks. The research company said addressing such challenges is critical for continued growth, as proprietary LPWA technologies face fierce competition from cellular LPWA standards such as NB-IoT, EC-GSM-IoT, and eMTC that have strong backing from an open and robust cellular vendor ecosystem. Important non-3GPP LPWA technologies providers include Semtech, Sigfox, Ingenu, Sensus, Microchip, Silicon Labs, and Kerlink. Report